The Rules of Documentary Film

Documentary film different with deep report news although both of them show reality. News report just explain and describe fact and information. Documentary was explain, describe and also tells story of the topic. Documentary has plot and narrative form. It needs a deep preparation however it often different with the condition in the field when shooting. But this preparation will help filmmaker to keep focus on the topic. Filmmakers should create research before product the film. They have to think about the synopsis, mode, storyline, and treatment. Three documentary which was screened in the class, show the plot of film. There were introduction, conflict, climax, closing and conclusion.

Capturing Friedmans tells about Arnold Friedman and his son who guilty of child molestation. Arnold is a popular high school teacher which has many award for his credibility. They love children and teaching. Besides teaching at school, he has his own course class at his basemen den of his home. Someday, there were parents of the student who report him to the police for child molestation. Then they check Arnold home and found child pornography magazine. Police bring him with his son, Jesse Friedman.

This case is real happen with a middle-class family in Great Neck, Long island. The spectators will confuse about this film, because we do not know who was wrong and who was right. His lawyer and the law make them guilty but we could see that they look very innocent and like never doing that criminal activity. If we look this man and his son from law, mainstream media, and the opinion of child parent we could see them guilty. But when we see the film, that’s different. Arnold is so vague about his sexual conduct that sometimes we can't figure out exactly what he's saying. He neither confirms nor denies. Jesse is too young and shell-shocked to be reliable. The witnesses contradict themselves. The lawyers seem incompetent. The police seem more interested in a conviction than in finding the truth. Making film which have different opinion with us was very interesting. It really shows spectator how little they truly care, and how little REAL information they were getting about the issue.

Andrew Jarecki, the director collaborate his interview video with the video memory which taken by another son of Arnold. David capture all of the memory about his family after the case begin. The film opened by an interview of David and his father. David said that his father was a good man and a super dad. Father was the one and only one that we have. Of course he loves his father and thought that he does not guilty. He show us what his family chat a day before Jesse was sent to the prison. He also show how angry her mother, but in another side how innocent his father and his brother. Actually she would not like his son send to the prison, because he still young. So, she did everything to save him however she have to ask her husband to lie.

David filming with the privileged position of a family insider. The video which David capture was very emotional. From itself we could see another perspective of the case. By the end of "Capturing the Friedmans," we have more information, from both inside and outside the family, than we dreamed would be possible. We have many people telling us exactly what happened. And we have no idea of the truth. There were many video was not really good in lighting and angle, but the sound was good enough. Spectators still know what they talking about altough the visual was bad. It was proved that sound is more important than visual.

The rules of creating documentary film was do not show something that already we know. So, Capturing Friedmans was a great movie, because we actually do not know who was right. In the law perspective, we see that they were guilty. In fact, from the documentary film, they aren’t guilty enough. Michael Moore said that if you want to make a political speech, you can join a party, you can hold a rally. Here David as filmmaker could be a driver of public opinion. He change public opinion to his opinion which show in the film. Spectators did not care about the truth of the case. A viewer of film just want to be entertained.  Michael Moore also said in his article that the art of the movie is more important to me than the politics.

Capturing Friedmans has differentiate with Koyaanisqatsi (life out of balance) which screened in the class. This film mode is an experimental film. Filmmaker capture all natural events of the world without narration, character, story or dialog. Film which directed by Godfrey Regio is composed the nature imaginary, manipulated with slow motion and fast motion, double exposure or time lapse, juxtaposed with footage of humans' devastating environmental impact on the planet Message of this film is how human destroying environment. Life be out of balance. We can see it clearly. But actually Regio was refused that. This film meant to offer the experience, rather than the idea.

This film opened by a shot of an ancient rock wall painting, then move through sequences depicting clouds, waves, and other natural features. And then into man-made landscapes such as buildings, cars, and earth-altering construction machinery. Editing of this film make the spectators feel like meditation. Flow of the film was slow, although there were fast motion.  This film demands commitment, concentration and utter capitulation. The pace and visual intensity picks up, as some transfixing footage of derelict housing estates being demolished feeds into urban scenes of traffic, shown in either slow motion or rapid time-lapse. Director want to make spectators interpret Kotaanisqatsi by their own experience.
"For some people, it's an environmental film. For some, it's an ode to technology. For some people, it's a piece of shit. Or it moves people deeply. It depends on who you ask. It is the journey that is the objective." (Regio, 2002)[1]

Based on Michael Moore’s article about the rule of documentary film, this film was a nice film. We do not sure about the meaning of this film, it based on each experience. Koyaanisqatsi make a spectators as individual. What they think about the film was personal. Michael Moore present that it is important to make films personal. This film offer new experience about nature which we do not know before and remind spectators about their daily activity which destroy environment. Film was a part of art, Rogie did not make a feature news but he create a film. The beautiful shot of this movie entertain spectators. Filmmaker cut and edit the video to be shorter. Say it with fewer words and fewer scenes. Although there were not dialog or narration, spectators will know about that message, because they did not stupid. They will know what the meaning of this film, only if they concentrate to the film. 

A cats of Mirikitani not only show film as an art, but also make the art as an object of the film. This documentary by Linda Hattendorf focuses on Jimmy Mirikitani, an elderly homeless artist with Japanese roots. Living on the streets of Manhattan, he sells his paintings, which are mostly of cats, but also include scenes of imprisonment that hark back to his days in an American internment camp during World War II. Linda invites Mirikitani into her apartment and finds out more about his life during wartime. She help him found his sister which separate from him when Japanese lose the World War II.

 Linda follow the activity of Mirkitani who paint and sell it on the park. Linda did not only being the director, but also the actor of that film. She is a part of the story. So, the mode of this film was performative documentary film. As the director, actually Linda’s eyes is like the spectators. Linda already know the truth of Mirikitani and she want spectators know about it.  The opinion of Michael Moore, the filmmaker is also the viewer.

“Are you crying? Are you cracking up so much that you are afraid that the microphone is going to pick it up? If that is happening while you are filming it, then there is a very good chance that's how the audience is going to respond, too. Trust that. You are the audience, too.” (Michael Moore, 2014)[2]

Linda present something that spectators never know about it. It was very interesting because spectator need new information and experience.

            Capturing Friedmans, Koyaanisqatsi and A Cat of Mirikitani was a great documentary film. It was suitable with the rule of documentary film which told by Michael Moore. It was tells another perspective of the public opinion, show the fact which public did not know, and make them take their opinion by their self. It is just tell the information and experience without being a teacher or being a medicine. From Koyaanisqatsi and Capturing Friedmans we did not know the point of the truth and right things. And from the film A Cat of Mirikitani we just entertain by his picture, his plainness, his story about World War II and his painting. Audio was important, even more than the image. Because from this audio we could know the dialog, narration, or background sound which build the atmosphere of the film. Documentary was about fact, but the filmmaker need to arrange the story to be interesting by cut and editing. Filmmaker have to know how to show the opening or introduction, conflict, climax and completion.


BIBLIOGRAPHY

Canby, vincent. 1982. 'Koyaanisqatsi,' back to psychedelia. http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9900efd8123bf937a35753c1a964948260

Catsoulis , Jeannette. 2007. Painting Through the Pain. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/01/ movies/02cats.html?_r=0
Moore, Michael. 2014. Michael Moore's 13 Rules of Documentaries Filmmaking. http://www.indiewire.com/article/michael-moores-13-rules-for-making-documentary-films-20140910
Whaxman, Sharon. 2004. Victims Say Film on Molesters Distorts Facts (Capturing Friedmans). http://www.nytimes.com/2004/02/24/movies/victims-say-film-on-molesters-distorts-facts.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm&_r=0






[1] http://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2011/dec/15/my-favourite-film-koyaanisqatsi
[2] http://www.indiewire.com/article/michael-moores-13-rules-for-making-documentary-films-20140910

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